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Life Insurance Basics
Term, whole life, and final expense without the jargon.
Why life insurance
- About 51% of American adults own life insurance, yet 42% — roughly 102 million adults — say they need it or need more (LIMRA 2024 Insurance Barometer).
- Life insurance is not about you — it’s about the situation you will leave your family and those you care about in.
- When your income stops, your family must pay for your burial, pay off loans and bills, potentially remain in the house, and maintain their current lifestyle.
- Children may need money to attend college or for a wedding they’ve dreamed of — that’s why you buy life insurance.
Buy while you’re healthy
- Life insurance is underwritten — they look at your present health and health history to determine if you can get insurance and how expensive premiums will be.
- A heart attack, stroke, or cancer may not kill you, but you’ll have trouble getting life insurance afterward.
- Diabetes, angina, MS, fibromyalgia, or major back surgery won’t kill you, but you’ll have trouble getting life insurance.
- Buy now while you can.
How much — and what kind
- Method 1 — multiple of income (simple):
- Age 35 & under: use 15 times annual income
- Age 36–45: use 10 times annual income
- Age 55 & older: use at least 5 times annual income
- Method 2 — Life needs analysis (the “LIFE” method, preferred):
- L — Loans: how much debt and loans (including mortgage) would your family be left with if you died right now?
- I — Income: how much of your income does your family need replaced to continue their current lifestyle?
- F — Funeral expenses: how much will it cost to bury you? Figure more than it costs today unless you really think you’ll die soon
- E — Education: how much will your children need for the education you want for them?
- Plus: did you wish to leave a legacy to any family member or charity?
- If it all adds up to $0, will your family have access to funds to bury you — and who will end up paying that bill?
- Term (temporary) life insurance:
- In effect for a specific amount of time — typically 10, 20, or 30 years
- Great for covering debt that will go away
- Can be layered: one policy might expire when your mortgage is paid off; another might end when your youngest child turns 25 and no longer needs support and college money
- Permanent (whole) life insurance:
- Set up to last as long as you do
- You should have enough whole life to cover your burial costs and any legacy money you wish to leave
Final expense
- Final expense life insurance is designed to cover the final expenses that occur as a result of your death.
- A funeral with a viewing and burial runs about $8,300 (NFDA, 2024) — and that figure does not include the cemetery plot or headstone.
- Arrangements to pay for the funeral must be made within days of the person passing.
- Expenses associated with death often run well over $8,000; without a policy, most families have a hard time coming up with these funds quickly.
- Final expense insurance can save families from withdrawing from savings or selling precious assets to bury a loved one.
- Term insurance is much lower cost, but if you don’t die during the term you’d face having no insurance to cover burial, or buying a final expense policy at an advanced age (very expensive).
- It saves money to buy final expense insurance while you’re young — even paying every month until you die costs less than waiting and paying a much higher premium for a shorter time.
- LifeHappens.org
Dying with no life insurance
- Life insurance is something you buy for yourself, but to benefit your loved ones.
- There’s little you can control after you pass, but whether you leave loved ones the provisions they need is something you can plan for while alive.
- The average cost of a funeral and burial can be somewhere between $3,000 and $25,000 — and if you die without life insurance, someone else has to pay for it.
- If nobody is able to pay for your funeral, the alternatives are grim:
- Get a loan — survivors pay for the funeral plus interest, and it can damage their credit
- Ask the funeral home for a payment plan — a long monthly obligation, but probably little effect on credit
- Release the body to the County Coroner’s Office — the government buries or cremates the body; ashes may be retrievable (usually for a fee), otherwise they go to a common grave
- Contact Social Security — if you collected Social Security, the SSA may offer some assistance
- Contact a non-profit — some offer assistance depending on circumstances
- Crowdfund — survivors may use GoFundMe to ask friends and family to contribute
- Other expenses after you die:
- Travel expenses — survivors may need flights and hotels; the body may need to travel for burial
- Lost wages — a spouse or partner may take weeks or months to return to work, with only a few days of paid leave
- Counseling — professional help often costs $100+ an hour and could run into the thousands
- Taxes and/or debt — survivors may owe property taxes if they stay in your house; some debts (e.g., student loans) may continue after death
- Using life insurance for estate planning is typically a wise choice.
- Life insurance — particularly whole life or term life — requires medical qualification in most cases.
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